This paper presents a comparative analysis of the legal regulation of artificial intelligence (AI)

in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the European Union (EU). Both jurisdictions aspire to

be leaders in AI technologies, but their approaches to the development and implementation of

regulations diverge significantly. The EU places significant emphasis on the implementation of robust

regulatory frameworks and the protection of human rights, with a view to fostering ethical standards

across a range of sectors, including defence. However, this approach has also attracted criticism for

potentially impeding innovation. A principal component of this strategy has been the “Artificial

Intelligence Act” 2024, which establishes a legal framework for the secure utilisation of AI and the

protection of citizens' rights.

In contrast, China has adopted a centralised approach to facilitate innovation and expedite

decision-making processes. This approach has enabled the country to retain its position at the

vanguard of AI legal regulation, implementing efficacious mechanisms such as the “The Internet

Information Service Algorithm Recommendation Management Regulations” and the “Personal

Information Protection Law”. However, there is a risk that the focus on rapid technology adoption

may result in inadequate protection of citizens' rights.

This paper analyses the advantages and disadvantages of both strategies, as well as their impact

on international AI regulatory practice. The comparative approach identifies opportunities for

harmonising regulatory efforts and highlights the importance of integrating ethical and legal standards

at the global level.