The article substantiates the social and value-based foundations for the modernization of labour legislation in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The research problem stems from the limitations of a legal-technical approach, whereby legislative reform is primarily reduced to correcting deficiencies in legal norms, eliminating duplication of provisions, and resolving drafting-related complexities. A socio-empirical analysis complements the legal review by incorporating evidence of citizens’ expectations concerning employment, social protection, fairness, and the dignity of work.

The empirical basis of the study comprises the results of a secondary analysis of a large-scale sociological survey of the adult population of Kazakhstan, together with findings from in-depth expert interviews. The analysis reveals a prevailing socially paternalistic demand directed towards the state, encompassing the provision of employment opportunities, maintenance of social stability, reduction of major life risks, and protection of vulnerable groups. Among the broader societal values, particular importance is attached to diligence, knowledge, professional integrity, and the ability to maintain a decent standard of living.

Socially paternalistic expectations reflect a demand for state guarantees and genuinely accessible mechanisms for the protection of labour rights. Their institutional implementation requires effective procedures, developed social partnership, and collective representation of employees. Recognition of the social value of work, in turn, requires fair remuneration, safe working conditions, respect for the dignity of employees, and clear and comprehensible legal regulation. The proposed model of modernization combines the internal consistency of legal norms with the requirements of social justice and the practical accessibility of labour rights.