The article is devoted to the study of the structure, content and international legal significance of the patient's rights, formed in the system of universal and regional international acts. An analysis of international documents - the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine, Convention No. 108+, WHO and OECD acts - allows us to define patient rights as a comprehensive legal institution that includes quarantees of accessibility, safety and quality of medical care, informed consent, protection of medical data and the right to compensation harm.

A comparative study of the legal models of different States demonstrates that international standarts have a universal character and can serve as basis for the development of national health systems.

The analysis of Kazakh legislation revealed the existence of basic legal quarantees for the patient. but also showed the limited mechanisms for their practical implementation, especially in the areas of protecting medical information. handling complaints, ensuring patient safety and professional responsibility of medical professionals. Based on international experience, the directions of improving the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan are proposed, including the adaptation of data protection standarts, the creation of independent institutions for the protection of patient rights and the development of regulatory regulation of informed consent.