Bullying (harassment, persecution), as a social phenomenon, leads to negative consequences with a destructive impact of significant social importance. The urgency of addressing this issue is primarily determined by the specific characteristics of the individuals involved: minors who are targeted by bullying—commonly referred to as "victims," and minors who perpetrate bullying—commonly referred to as "bullies." The legal definition of the term "minor" varies depending on the traditions, culture, and historical context of each country that uses legal terms such as bullying, harassment, persecution, victim, bully, and subject. Conducting a subject-based analysis with an emphasis on age-related aspects is essential for identifying a set of characteristics that enable the legal status of individuals involved in bullying—both victims and perpetrators—to be defined with minimal ambiguity. Understanding the legal status of both the victim and the bully is key to selecting appropriate protection mechanisms and implementing effective measures to prevent the development of bullying behavior and its potentially irreversible consequences. Studying this issue within the framework of international legal practice will allow for the development of recommendations aimed at improving the sectoral legislation of Kazakhstan.