The article considers individual measures to improve the efficiency of punishment execution by further improving the content and goals of criminal punishment. Since, according to the author, it is the content of the criminal punishment that affects the entire process of the execution of criminal penalties. Based on a comparison of the current criminal legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan with the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the Criminal Code of the Kyrgyz Republic, the article suggests specific ways to improve the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan in terms of understanding and goals of criminal punishment.